Bildergalerie: Description 50783690 in Directory 27
IBM <>
|
DTXT_TITLE: IBM Blue Gene/L Projekt - eine Zukunftsvision (2004) DOC_TYPE: Image ARCHIV: 1000 FIL_ID: 50783690 FIL_ORG: 83543.jpg FIL_EXT: jpg FIL_WIDTH: 853 FIL_HEIGHT: 760 FIL_RES: 200 FIL_SIZE: 525320 FIL_COLOR: RGB FIL_ROTATE: FIL_CLIP: FIL_CROP: FIL_IMG: FIL_PATH: DOC_SPERRVERMERK: DOC_INPUT: 24-09-2004 09:00:52 DOC_UPDATE: 20-08-2008 14:01:55 DOC_STATUS: 1 DOC_KATALOG: 1 DOC_SPERR: 1 BESCHREIBUNG: Die kürzlich veröffentlichte Liste der Top 500 Supercomputer (www.top500.org) weist IBM als den Hersteller mit der größtenAnzahl installierter Superrechner-Systeme aus. In der Liste stehen genau 224 Systeme von IBM. Mit seinem radikal neuen Systemdesign läutet der Blue Gene/L eine neue Ära des Supercomputings ein. Blue Gene/L ist 20 Mal kleiner als andere Maschinen von vergleichbarer Leistung und ermöglicht eine drastische Reduktion von Energieverbrauch, Kosten und Platzbedarf. Die enorm hohe Rechenleistung des Systems, vereint in einem extrem kleinen Gehäuse, zeigt auf, welche Richtung Supercomputing künftig einschlagen kann, um die Balance zwischen weiter steigender Leistung und erforderlichem Aufwand zuhalten. Der auf Platz vier vorgerückte Blue Gene Prototyp hat bereits heute eine Peak-Leistung von 16 Teraflops und integriert mehr als 8000 PowerPC-Prozessoren. Damit hat er lediglich 1/16 seiner Endausbaustufe erreicht. Bei erwarteter Fertigstellung im Jahr 2005 rechnet IBM damit, dass Blue Gene/L an die Spitze der Top500 Supercomputer-Liste kommen wird. zur Infografik: The BlueGene/L power and cooling network is an example of a cost/performance fault tolerant design. The system is air cooled, designed to operate in standard raised floor machine rooms, and assumes standard fault tolerant 220V rack feed and failover air chillers. Racks are designed to be on a 3-foot pitch in a row and a 6-foot pitch between rows. Chilled air to cool the expected 20kW/rack is drawn from an opening in the raised floor beneath the rack by a wall of fans on the left side of the rack. As shown in Figure 2, thirty 100mm diameter high speed, DC €smart fans€ arranged on pluggable fans cards cool a midplane. Fan speed is monitored and adjusted with feedback from thermal sensors to maintain constant chip temperature in the face of coherent system-wide power demands. This reduces the effect of mini-cycles that can cause thermal cycle fatigue of chip to card connections. If a fan slows or stops, the others increase rotation to maintain ASIC junction temperature and an error condition is reported to the control host. A damaged fan card can be replaced with the system running. Fan power is supplied by the same 208V AC->48V DC N+1 redundant supplies that power the rack electronics. The 48V DC is further regulated to the 1.5V and 2.5V required respectively by the BG/L ASICs and external DRAMs by either commercially available long-lived converters with a mean time between failures (MTBF) of more than 2 Million hours, or better, redundant supplies. Both design points are being considered. The desired MTBF of the system is at least 10 days. The system MTBF is calculated below assuming predicted failure rates for ASICs after burn-in, predicted DRAM hard failure rates, and manufacturer€s suggested average failure rates for remaining components. Redundant power supplies would further increase MTBF. We expect to be dominated by DRAM hard failures. The expected DRAM failure rate is ~5x less than the raw DRAM rate of 25 FITs which accounts for the effects of bit sparing in the controller. We expect a maintenance policy that tracks software errors and replaces nodes at service intervals with DRAMs or compute ASICs with EDRAM showing increased soft errors, to further reduce this number. System design methodology includes extensive use of parity and ECC to allow for the detection (and possible correction) for the vast majority of soft error events. BU: RUBRIK: Forschung Technologie Fertigung BILDART: Infografik IBM_NUMMER: 83543 FARBE: farbig FORMAT: Quer BILDRECHTE: IBM BILDQUELLE: An Overview of the BlueGene/L Supercomputer PRODUKTFAMILIE: IBM System Blue Gene PRODUKT: IBM System Blue Gene EINGABE: Häßler ORIGINAL: Digital EXPORTPATH: 27/images/50783690.jpg |
 Zum Vergrößern auf das Bild klicken |